Q.1: When was the Second World War coming to an end?
Ans: The Second World War was coming to an end in the spring of 1945. The Second World War was started in September 1939. Sixty-one countries of the world participated in this war and the population of these countries was about 80 percent of the total world’s population. The land and the property of about forty countries were badly affected by this war. Millions of people were killed and wounded in this war.
Q.2: What misery had the Second World War brought to all the world?
Ans: The Second World War brought misery to all the world. Millions of people had been killed and wounded. These included women and children. Millions of pounds worth of property had been destroyed. Millions of people had been made homeless. Millions suffered from poverty, hunger, and disease.
Q.3: Why did the conscience of man rouse? What did the people of the world pray for after the Second World War?
Ans: After viewing the destruction, killing, and violence during the Second World War, the people all over the world were anxious for4 a state of lasting peace in the world. The conscience of man was roused in these circumstances and he wanted peace. The people of the world started to pray for peace and happiness. “Let there be an end to war. Let there be peace and goodwill on earth. Let the man live with fellow-man as a brother with brother.” These prayers were the central thoughts for establishing universal brotherhood and peace.
Q.4: How did the human race draw closer together after the Second World War? What were the sources which helped the human race in drawing closer together?
Ans: The human race was drawing closer together after viewing large-scale destruction, killing, and violence during the Second World War. All nations of the world wanted to restore peace and happiness throughout the world. The world was becoming one in some things so the people of the world wanted to unite for the achievement of a collective cause. The telephone, the telegraph, and the wireless were the sources that helped the quick exchange of news and information. The aeroplane was linking distant parts of the world. Ignorance, poverty, disease, and oppression in one part of the world were having their effects on other parts.
Q.5: When was the United Nations Organization founded and what inspired its foundation?
Ans: The United Nations Organization (U.N.O.) was founded in April 1945. People all over the world were greatly affected by the miseries and destruction brought about by the Second World War. The nations of the world wanted to restore peace and happiness throughout the world. The sense of universal brotherhood and peace among the nations of the world inspired them to the foundation of an international organization for peace and economic well-being.
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Q.6: What basic points were kept in view at the time of the foundation of the United Nations Organization?
Ans: At the time of the foundation of the United Nations Organization (U.N.O.), the following main points for maintaining universal brotherhood and peace were kept, in view among the nations of the world who came together in April 1945.
- Let us not turn over eyes away from the suffering of our neighbours.
- Let us stretch the hand of brotherhood to one another.
- Let us unite to make the world a happier and better place.
- Let there be peace and happiness in the world.
Q.7: When was the United Nations (U.N) born and what is its status today?
Ans: The United Nations (U.N) was born in April 1945. Today, it is the spearhead of the march of civilization against evils of all kinds.
Q.8: Where do the United Nations of the world meet and what do they talk over there?
Ans: The United Nations of the world meet in New York in the United States of America. They talk over urgent problems of peace and war and try to find solutions to as many of these as they can.
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Q.9: What is the aim of the United Nations Organization (U.NO.)?
Ans: The United Nations Organizations (U.N.O.) deal with quarrels that might lead to war among the nations. The aim of the United Nations (U.N.) is to prevent war in the world and to reach a state of lasting peace.
Q.10: What are the general conditions of life in many parts of the world and what results are obtained by the unsatisfactory state of affairs?
Ans: General conditions of life are more or less unsatisfactory in many parts of the world. The unsatisfactory state of affairs is responsible for much discontent, and long-continued discontent may lead to war.
Q.11: What is the most common way of preventing war? What procedure has the United Nation set in this respect?
Ans: The most common way of preventing war is to remove as many causes for discontent as possible. The United Nations have set itself to study living conditions in all parts of the world and to help in the fight against poverty, ignorance, disease, and social and political injustice.
Q.12: How successful has the United Nations Organization been so far, in preventing local wars?
Ans: Preventing local wars is not an easy task, actually it is very difficult. It is a part of high politics. Feelings run high. Attempts to bring about peace are open to misunderstanding. Instead of bringing people together, attempts at peace-making sometimes set them further apart. The path of the peacemaker is indeed hared. The United Nations Organization has succeeded so far, in a few cases in preventing local wars and bringing peace where there was no peace before. But in a great many cases, the results have not been satisfactory.
Q.13: What is the probable risk from the little quarrels between the nations?
Ans: The world is full of little quarrels between nations. Any one of these little quarrels might be responsible for the outbreak of a new World War.
Q.14: What part of the work of the United Nations appears so far, to have yielded the most promising results?
Ans: The work of the United Nations in fighting against social evils and solving social and economic problems of the world appears to have yielded the most promising results.
Q.15: How do men and women from different parts of the world work for the United Nations?
Ans: Men and women from different parts of the world, of different races and religions, sit together, think, plan and actually work together, to improve conditions of life in countries they have not known before.
Q.16: What inspiration do the workers of the United Nations get from their work?
Ans: The workers of the United Nations get a sense of universal brotherhood and peace from their work. This work brings the workers closer together than anything can. It also brings them closer to the people of the land which they are trying to help.
Q.17: What role have canals, rivers, and lakes played in the flat parts of the world?
Ans: The canals, rivers, and lakes have always played their role as natural highways in the flat parts of the world. Millions of people pass their lives in boats on the quiet inland waterways. Half the people live on the great rivers in most of the Far East.
Q.18: Why did the United Nations organize the Inland Water Transport Tour of Asian experts? What were the member countries of that tour?
Ans: The United Nations organized the Inland Water Transport Tour for Asian experts to view the operation of waterways in other parts of the world. The members of the tour came from Burma, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Thailand, and Viet Nam.
Q.19: How did the Asian experts learn the problems and experience from their Inland Water Transport Tour arranged by the United Nations?
Ans: The Asian experts of the Inland Water Transport Tour arranged by the United Nations started their tour by visiting Asian countries to learn about their problems. The Asians then visited Europe, where they visited shipyards and waterways in many European countries. They saw new types both in England and Scotland. Going on to the United States, they studied water transport on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers and along the coastal canals.
The members of the Tour discussed the problems of water transport with experts in the countries they visited. All this information had to be thought over and sorted out, to find what might be useful in Asia. The members of the tour returned to their countries, prepared not to intimate what they had seen in the West., but to do their own work with a background of experience.
Q.20: When is UN Day celebrated every year? What should Patriotism mean today?
Ans: UN Day is celebrated on 24th October every year. Patriotism today should mean loyalty, not only to one’s own country but to the UN and its ideals.
Q.21: What we should pledge ourselves anew on UN day.
Ans: On UN Day we should pledge ourselves anew to advance the cause of brotherhood and peace in the world. The birth of the UN, we hope, will one day be looked upon as an important event in world history.
Q.22: What are the three major administrative institutions of the United Nations Organization (U.N.O.)?
Ans: The three major administrative institutions of the United Nations Organizations (U.N.O.) are the following:
- The General Assembly
- The Security Council
- The Secretariat
Q.23: Describe the duties and function of the General Assembly of the United Nations Organization (U.N.O.)?
Ans: The central and principal organ of the United Nations Organization (U.N.O.) is the General Assembly, where every member nation is represented. Each member nation can send five representatives to the Assembly, but each member has only one vote. The General Assembly may consider any question related to peace and to the advancement of happiness and justice in the world. It elects its own president at each sitting. Besides six main committees for its usual work, committees of many kinds are appointed for special purposes, and to prepare the work for the regular sittings of the Assembly.
Q.24: How many members are there in the Security Council of the United Nations Organization (U.N.O.)? Write down the names of five permanent members of the Security Council of the United Nations.
Ans: The Security Council of the United Nations Organization (U.N.O.) is made up of fifteen members. Five countries are the permanent members of the Security Council which are the following.
- China
- France
- The United Kingdom
- Russia
- The United States of America
Out of the other ten members, three each year are elected by the General Assembly for two years terms. Matters of importance have to be supported by every one of the five permanent members. That is, each one of these nations has veto power. If one of them says ‘No’ to any matter, it is dropped, for the time being at least.
Q.25: What are the most important differences between the General Assembly and the Security Council?
Ans: The General Assembly consists of all members of the United Nations. Each member nation has one vote though it can send five representatives. The General Assembly Elects its own president for each sitting. It has six main committees and other committees which are appointed
Q.26: What is the designation of the Chief Officer of the United Nations, for how long is the appointed and by whom is he appointed?
Ans: The Chief Officer of the United Nations is the Secretary-General, he has important political responsibilities. The Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly with the approval of the Security Council. Every year he makes a report to the General Assembly. He serves for a term of five years until the election of his successor.
Q.27: How large staff is employed by the Secretariat and where does it work?
Ans: There is a staff of about three thousand five hundred people working directly under the Secretary-General in New York. There are also other special branches of the Secretariat with hundred of employees at various other centres.
Q.28: From where do the UN employees come to the Secretariat? Do they represent their own countries?
Ans: UN employees come to the Secretariat from nearly every country on earth. There is no place in the world where people from so many different nations work in the same organization, as at the headquarters of the UN. They do not represent their own countries. Their outlook has to be international.
Q.29: How does the staff of the Secretariat work for the administration of the United Nations Organization (U.N.O.)?
Ans: The staff of the Secretariat has to prepare the matter for the various meetings. They have to manage the meetings. They have to keep a record of all that is said and done; they have to prepare daily reports for electronic media and the press. During the various meetings, translators sit in soundproof cabins listening to the speeches and translating them at the same time so that each member can hear the speech in their own language through headphones. The staff does a great amount of scientific study of various urgent problems of the day.
Q.30: Write down the names of some specialized bodies associated with the work of the United Nations.
Ans: The names of some specialized bodies associated with the work of the United Nations are the following.
- The International Bank
- The UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
- The World Health Organization (W.H.O.)
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
- The UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizations (UNESCO)
Q.31: What is the function of the International Bank?
Ans: The International Bank lends money to member nations for carrying through some work of public importance and usefulness such as electric power plants, roads, railways, canals and flood control.
Q.32: Describe the wonderful effect of the loan issued by the International Bank to a small village on the West Coast of Mexico.
Ans: An example of the wonderful effect of the loans issued by the International Bank was found in a small village on the West Coast of Mexico. In 1951, the Bank gave a loan for the construction of an electric power plant. Within three years the population of the village increased threefold and it converted into a town. Industrial users of electricity increased from three to thirty-three. The town started a radio station, a daily newspaper and a night school. There were seven times children in school as there before the electric plant was built.
Q.33: What is the function of UN Children’s Funds (UNICEF)?
Ans: The UN Children’s Funds (UNICEF) is the friend of children all over the world. It specializes in the relief of children.
Q.34: What do the initials W.H.O. stand for, and what is the function of this organization?
Ans: The initials W.H.O. stand for the World Health Organization. W.H.O. advises member countries on public health and on the control of diseases and makes war on many widespread diseases. It started in 1946 but the permanent organization came into being on 7th April 1948 to work on international health.
Q.35: When do people celebrate Health Day all over the world?
Ans: Every year people celebrate Health Day on 7th April all over the world.
Q.36: How did W.H.O teams enable the farmers in the Terai district of Uttar Pradesh to raise their output by fifty percent?
Ans: In the Terai district of Uttar Pradesh, malaria had been wiped out by the W.H.O team and thus enable the farmers to raise their output by fifty percent.
Q.37: What is Yaws? How did UNICEF and W.H.O. work collectively against Yaws in Indonesia?
Ans: Yaws is a tropical skin disease marked by raspberry-like swelling on the skin. It is a disease of a hot wet climate. Few die of Yaws, but many become helpless and live on as a burden to their relatives.
Indonesia, as soon as it became an independent nation, ask the UN to help them in their war against Yaws. There were said to be ten million cases in the country when the war was taken up in 1950. UNICEF supplied medicines and other requirements, and the World Health Organization (W.H.O.) sent medical experts to train Indonesian workers.
In four years, the hundreds of medical teams trained by W.H.O. and supplied with transport and medicine by UNICEF had examined eleven million people and queued 1,300,000 who had Yaws. Many villages have now been freed from Yaws in Indonesia.
Q.38: When was the Food and Agriculture Organization start and what is the special problem for this organization?
Ans: The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) was started in 1943. Hunger is a special problem for this organization.
Q.39: What do the initials FAO stand for, and what is the function of this organization?
Ans: The initials FAO stand for the Food and Agriculture Organization. It sends experts to help countries that want advice on how to grow more food and other crops; how to control plant and animal diseases; how to protect food in storage and in general how to increase the yield of farms, fisheries and forests. It also published useful literature on agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Q.40: What are the functions of UNESCO?
Ans: UNESCO is a special organization of the United Nations to advance knowledge, science and culture throughout the world. It stands for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It promotes general understanding and mental habits of people which are proved to be useful to them in the modern world. It also advises the member countries on how to improve education and to make use of teaching and training aids like useful books, pictures, films, radio and television programs.